|
:''This article is about Azerbaijanis in Russia. For Azerbaijanis in general, see the respective article.'' Azerbaijanis in Turkey or Turkish Azerbaijanis ((アゼルバイジャン語:Türkiyə azərbaycanlıları)) are Azerbaijani people in Turkey, and are Turkish citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background. It is hard to determine how many ethnic Azerbaijanis currently reside in Turkey because ethnicity is a rather fluid concept in this country.〔(Human Rights Watch ) 1999 Report on Turkey〕 According to some sources, there are about 800,000 Twelver Shias in Turkey, however this figure may differ substantially from the real one.〔(Turkey: Religions & Peoples ) - Encyclopædia of the Orient〕 Looklex Encyclopaedia puts the number of Azerbaijanis in Turkey at 800,000. Up to 300,000 of Azerbaijanis who reside in Turkey are citizens of Azerbaijan.〔(Life of Azerbaijanis in Turkey ). An interview with Sayyad Aran, Consule General of the Azerbaijan Republic to Istanbul. ''Azerbaijan Today''〕 In the Eastern Anatolia Region, Azerbaijanis are sometimes referred to as ''acem'' (see Ajam) or ''tat''.〔 (Qarslı bir azərbaycanlının ürək sözləri ). Erol Özaydın〕 They currently are the largest ethnic group in the city of Iğdır〔(Hurriyen )〕〔 Iğdır Sevdası, Mücahit Özden Hun〕 and second largest ethnic group in Kars,〔 (KARS: AKP'nin kozu tarım desteği ). ''Milliyet''. 23 June 2007. Retrieved 6 December 2008〕 where they constitute majority in the district of Akyaka〔Ercilasun, Ahmet. ''Kars ili ağızları''. Ankara: Gazi Universitesi, 1983; p. 46–49)〕 ((アゼルバイジャン語:Şörəyel)). ==History== Azerbaijanis first settled in what is now Turkey during the period of Safavi governance over Kars and neighbouring areas.〔(Azerbaijan and the Challenge of Multiple Identities ) by Alireza Asgharzadeh. ''The Middle East Review of International Affairs''〕 Their numbers grew during the first half of the nineteenth century, when following the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813), the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828) and the respectively out coming Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties between Persia and Russia, Persia was forced to cede sovereignty over the khanates of Karabakh (1813), Nakhchivan (1828) and Erivan (1828), among others to Russia,〔Allen F. Chew. "An Atlas of Russian History: Eleven Centuries of Changing Borders". Yale University Press, 1967. pp 74.〕 and the Treaty of Adrianople gave Christians and Muslims the right to choose a place of residence between Russia and Turkey. Similarly to those of the North Caucasus, large groups of local Muslim population refused to live within Russian boundaries and migrated to Turkey (or Iran)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Islam, nationalism and state in the Muslim Caucasus )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Caucasus and Central Asia Newsletter 2003 )〕 settling in its eastern regions, especially in the Şenkaya district of Erzurum and the Taşlıçay district of Ağrı.〔〔(Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal ) by Tim Potier. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2001. p.2 ISBN 90-411-1477-7〕〔''Asian and African Studies'' by Ḥevrah ha-Mizraḥit ha-Yiśreʾelit. Jerusalem Academic Press., 1987; p. 57〕〔Peter A. Andrews. Türkiye'de etnik gruplar. Akyüz Kitabevi, Istanbul: 1992. ISBN 975-7350-03-6〕 The Turkish dialect of Erzurum has been grammatically influenced by the Azerbaijani language.〔Ali Ertuğrul Gürtekin, Hasan Şahmaranoğlu. ''Necip Asım Yazıksız (Balhasanoğlu) ve Kilis ağzı üzerine incelemeler''. Kilis Kültür Derneği, 1995; p. 97〕 Phonemic analyses indicate that Azeri-influenced dialects are spoken as far as Elâzığ〔(A thesis on some of the regional dialects of Turkey ).〕 and Van's Erciş district.〔Muhan Bâli.''Erciş'li Emrah ile Selvi Han hikâyesi varyantların tesbiti ve halk hikâyeciliği bakımından önemi''. Baylan Matbaası, 1973; p. 25〕 In 1813, a group of Azerbaijanis from Karabakh settled in Aziziye, in the southern part of the Afyon Province. Today their descendants live in the villages of Büyük Karabağ and Orta Karabağ and have recently reestablished cultural ties with their historical homeland through the Turkish International Cooperation and Development Agency.〔(Dedicated to Karabakh Azeris in Turkey to Be Held ). ''Vesti.az''. 6 March 2014.〕 Despite having undergone major assimilation in their language and religious beliefs, they still identify themselves as ''Karabağlı'' and are viewed as a distinct group by the local population.〔Yalgin, A.R. Emirdağ ve Iğdır'da Karabağlılar Oymağı Arasında. Türk Folklor Araştırmaları Dergisi, 74:1476〕 A different branch of the same group settled in Iğdır. Caferoğlu argues that the Afyon group may have left Karabakh for Turkey much earlier, in 1578, fighting for the Ottoman Empire in the Second Ottoman–Safavid War.〔Caferoglu, A. Karabağ Türkmenleri ve Şirvanlılar. 1959; p. 178〕 In addition, in the early nineteenth century, several Sunni families from Shirvan, particularly from Agsu,〔(Azerbaycan'dan Amasya'ya Ziyaret ). Amasyanin Sesi. 18 September 2011.〕 settled in Amasya, where for a long time they were known as ''Şirvanlı''. In 1894, a unique baroque-style mosque was built here by Şeyh Hacı Mahmut Efendi. The mosque has been known as the Şirvanlı Mosque or the Azerîler Mosque.〔Turkiye Diyanet Vakfi Islam ansiklopedisi. v.33. 2008; p.589〕 The descendants of those migrants nowadays live in six villages of Amasya's Suluova and Merzifon districts and have preserved their Azeri identity and culture.〔(Ayrancı Köyü – Biz Azeriler )〕 Another group of Azerbaijanis from Shaki relocated to Bursa in 1863. The next wave of Azerbaijani immigration to eastern Turkey took place in 1918–1925, when many Muslim residents of then newly independent Armenia fled their homes, escaping massacres by armed bands of Armenian nationalists.〔 (Turkish-Armenian War of 1920 )〕 In 1941, already 5,000 Azerbaijanis lived in 60 villages along the Turkish bank of the Arpaçay.〔()〕 They were followed by former members of the overthrown government of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan and their families, as well as many upper-class Azerbaijanis, who fled to Turkey in fear of persecution by the Bolsheviks and settled primarily in Istanbul, Bursa and Ankara.〔(Mammad Amin Rasulzade: Founding Father of the First Republic ) - Azer.com〕〔(Wedding Palace: Murtuza Mukhtarov's Residence ) - Azer.com〕 Together with other political immigrants from the Caucasus and led by members of the deposed democratic government of Azerbaijan such as Rasulzadeh, Khasmammadov and Sultanov, some of them engaged in anti-Soviet political propaganda and activities in Turkey in an attempt to restore the independence of the Bolshevik-occupied Caucasus states. The signing of Soviet-Turkish non-aggression pacts in 1925 and 1935 created obstacles in continuing this activity in the form of arrests and bans on the publishing of anti-Soviet periodicals. This forced some politically active members of the movement to relocate to Germany and Poland by the late 1930s.〔 Giorgi Mamulia. (''Prometheus'' Journal of History and Culture ). ''Akhulgo''. April 2010.〕 After the failure of the USSR-created regional Azerbaijan People's Government in 1946, ethnic Azerbaijani political immigrants from Iran increased the numbers of Azerbaijanis in Turkey.〔 By 1990, about 400,000 Azerbaijanis lived in a belt of land on the Turkish side of the Soviet border.〔Alan Cowell. (Turks at Rally Assail Soviet Moves ). ''New York Times''. January 26, 1990. Retrieved August 20, 2009.〕 Iranian Azerbaijanis have emigrated and resettled in large numbers Istanbul, and many Iranian Azerbaijanis students have emigrated from Iran to Turkey. Finally, starting from the early 1990s tens of thousands of immigrants from the newly independent Azerbaijan have made their way to Turkey due to economic reasons, settling mostly in big cities. According to the Turkish Ministry of the Interior, between 2003 and 2013 alone over 15,000 immigrants from Azerbaijan received Turkish citizenship.〔(Over 15,000 Azerbaijanis Received Turkish Citizenship ). ''Zerkalo''. 11 March 2013.〕 The Terekeme people are often considered a sub-ethnic group of Azerbaijanis of Sunni Muslim background.〔 (Azeris ). ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia''〕 In general, the Azerbaijani population in Turkey is considered well-integrated into Turkish society, mainly due to cultural and linguistic affinities between Azerbaijani and Anatolian Turks. Nevertheless, differences still remain in the areas of religion (Azerbaijanis are mainly Shi'a, whereas Anatolian Turks are mostly Sunni Muslims), dialect, and self-conception in terms of historical memory and ethnic/national consciousness.〔 In 2011, Sinan Oğan, an ethnic Azerbaijani and a diaspora activist from Iğdır, won a seat in the Turkish parliament as a Nationalist Movement Party candidate.〔(Azeri Elected to Turkish Parliament ). ''Day.az''. 13 June 2011.〕 Following the June 2015 election, Kıznaz Türkeli from the Peoples' Democratic Party, another ethnic Azeri, was elected to represent the same province.〔(Hdp'nin İlk Azeri Adayı Mazbatasını Aldı ). ''Haberler.com''. 17 June 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Azerbaijanis in Turkey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|